As India continues its journey toward digital self-reliance, the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology has taken a bold step by launching an initiative to develop an indigenous web browser. This initiative aims to enhance India’s internet resilience, strengthen cybersecurity, and reduce dependence on foreign platforms for security verification.

S Krishnan, Secretary, Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, Government of India, in conversation with Anoop Verma, Editor-News, ETGovernment, sheds light on the vision behind the India-made browser, its role in securing the country’s digital infrastructure, and the challenges of driving adoption in a competitive tech landscape. He also mentions the possibility of India developing its own operating system in the future.

Edited excerpts
The Ministry of Electronics & IT recently launched an initiative to develop an India-made web browser. Can you tell us more about this project?
The concept of an indigenous web browser has been under discussion for some time, given its strategic importance for digital sovereignty. To kickstart development, the Ministry launched the Indian Web Browser Development Challenge (IWBDC), a nationwide hackathon inviting top developers, cybersecurity experts, and tech innovators to contribute. The event was spearheaded by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Bangalore, ensuring a rigorous selection and evaluation process. The final winners were announced on March 20, 2025 in a prestigious ceremony hosted by the Ministry, with awards presented by the Honorable Minister for Electronics & Information Technology, Shri Ashwini Vaishnaw.What is the significance of having an India-based web browser?
A web browser is more than just a tool for accessing the internet—it is a foundational component of national security and digital infrastructure. While the internet evolved as a global, collaborative effort, it is now a critical asset in financial transactions, data security, and economic growth. An India-made browser will provide greater control over data privacy, ensure compliance with the country’s Data Protection Act, and fortify India’s digital sovereignty by keeping user data within national borders. Going forward, this has the potential to counter cyber threats, strengthen encryption standards, and align with India’s cybersecurity policies.How will an Indian browser enhance security verification for banking transactions and other critical areas?

Currently, security verification for Indian websites is often managed by global certification authorities, which can introduce vulnerabilities. In the event of a disruption—such as a revocation of certification authority—secure access to Indian digital services can be compromised. An indigenous web browser, backed by India-based certification authorities, will ensure that security verification is handled locally. This not only enhances national cybersecurity but also improves efficiency, reliability, and control over sensitive digital interactions, particularly in sectors like banking, e-governance, and digital payments.

Will this browser be entirely developed and hosted within India?
Yes, that is the vision. Unlike existing browsers such as Chrome, Safari, Firefox, and Microsoft Edge, which are primarily developed by global tech giants, this browser will be designed, built, and managed within India. It will cater specifically to the needs of Indian users, incorporating features tailored for local languages, child-friendly browsing, digital signing within the browser for legally sanctified trusted transactions, and heightened security standards. This initiative is a key step toward the Atmanirbhar Bharat vision, reinforcing India’s position as a self-reliant global technology leader.

Given that most browsers come pre-installed on operating systems like Windows, macOS, and Android, how will the Indian browser compete?
That’s a critical challenge. Users tend to stick with default browsers that come bundled with their devices. For the Indian browser to gain widespread adoption, strategic collaborations with hardware manufacturers and software companies will be essential. Additionally, government initiatives, digital awareness campaigns, and integration with public sector services could encourage users to embrace the new browser. The browser has all the required support for importing data (bookmarks, saved credentials etc.) and syncing across multiple platforms so that migration to the new browser is seamless.

Should India also focus on developing its own operating system?

India already has an indigenous operating system called Bharat Operating System Solutions (BOSS), developed by C-DAC. However, it has yet to see mass adoption. A successful OS requires an extensive application ecosystem, continuous updates, and strong industry partnerships. If India pursues the development of a mainstream OS, collaboration with private sector players and device manufacturers will be crucial for scalability and user adoption.

What impact will this initiative have on India’s technology ecosystem?
This initiative strengthens India’s technological resilience and fosters domestic innovation. A homegrown web browser enhances cybersecurity, reduces dependence on foreign technology, and contributes to a self-reliant digital economy. Union Minister Shri Ashwini Vaishnaw emphasized that this project aligns with the broader goal of transforming India from a “service nation” into a “product nation.” This development is expected to bolster indigenous software and hardware solutions, making India a formidable player in the global tech landscape.

What does the future hold for this initiative?
This is just the beginning of India’s journey towards digital self-reliance. The success of an India-made browser will depend on the support of developers, businesses, and the public. Continuous innovation, strategic partnerships, and user-friendly features will be key to ensuring its long-term success. With strong government backing and industry collaboration, this initiative has the potential to redefine India’s role in the global digital ecosystem.